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Jean Maritz (1680–1743), also Johan Maritz, was a Swiss inventor, born in Burgdorf, Canton of Bern, who moved to France, becoming "Commissaire des Fontes" at Strasbourg (Commissionner of the King's Foundry),〔''A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War'' by André Corvisier p.331 ()〕 and invented the vertical drilling machine, as well as the horizontal drilling machine for cannons in the 18th century. His inventions revolutionized cannon-making, and became a key component of the de Vallière system, and contributed to the development of the later Gribeauval system. Jean Maritz first invented a vertical drilling machine for cannons while in France in 1713.〔''The Pirotechnia of Vannoccio Biringuccio'' by Vannoccio Biringuccio p.223 ()〕〔(''An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology'' by Ian McNeil, p.396 )〕 The vertical drilling method however, in which a cannon was slowly lowered over a turning drill, was very delicate, very time consuming and rather imprecise.〔(''Louis Xv's Navy, 1748-1762'' by James S. Pritchard p.151-152 )〕 He further developed a method for the horizontal drilling of cannons around 1734.〔(''50 Military Leaders Who Changed the World'' by William Weir p.132 )〕〔(''The gun-founders of England'' by Charles Foulkes p.17 )〕 These methods involved the drilling of a bore from a solid casting.〔 These inventions were vast improvements over previous methods, which involved founding the cannon around a clay core, which was removed after founding, leading to imprecision and shifting of the core, and therefore poor performance.〔 The inventions of Jean Maritz gave perfectly straight bores which could perfectly fit the ball diameter, and therefore vastly increase efficiency.〔 In the horizontal method developed by Maritz, the solid-cast cannon itself was revolved horizontally, while the drill remained static, in a method similar to that of a lathe.〔 The son of Jean Maritz, bearing the same name as his father, and who had worked with his father on the development of boring, became Inspector General of Gun Foundries in 1755.〔 The Maritz method would be central in the development of the Gribeauval cannon.〔〔(''Napoleon's Guns, 1792-1815'' by René Chartrand, Ray Hutchins p.6 )〕 ==See also== *John Wilkinson 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean Maritz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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